Documentation Index Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://langchain-zh.cn/llms.txt
Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
构建智能体(或任何 LLM 应用)的难点在于使其足够可靠。虽然它们可能在原型阶段有效,但在实际用例中往往会失败。
为什么智能体会失败?
当智能体失败时,通常是因为智能体内的 LLM 调用了错误的操作 / 没有按预期执行。LLM 失败的原因主要有两个:
底层 LLM 能力不足
未向 LLM 传递“正确”的上下文
大多数情况下——实际上是第二个原因导致智能体不可靠。
上下文工程 是指以正确的格式提供正确的信息和工具,以便 LLM 能够完成任务。这是 AI 工程师的首要工作。缺乏“正确”的上下文是更可靠智能体的首要障碍,而 LangChain 的智能体抽象设计独特,旨在促进上下文工程。
初次接触上下文工程?请从 概念概述 开始,了解不同类型的上下文及其使用时机。
智能体循环
典型的智能体循环包含两个主要步骤:
模型调用 - 使用提示词和可用工具调用 LLM,返回响应或执行工具的请求
工具执行 - 执行 LLM 请求的工具,返回工具结果
此循环持续进行,直到 LLM 决定结束。
你可以控制的内容
要构建可靠的智能体,你需要控制智能体循环中每一步发生的情况,以及步骤之间发生的情况。
上下文类型 你控制的内容 临时或持久 模型上下文 进入模型调用的内容(指令、消息历史、工具、响应格式) 临时 工具上下文 工具可以访问和生成的内容(读写状态、存储、运行时上下文) 持久 生命周期上下文 模型调用和工具调用之间发生的情况(摘要、护栏、日志记录等) 持久
临时上下文 LLM 单次调用所看到的内容。你可以修改消息、工具或提示词,而无需更改保存在状态中的内容。
持久上下文 跨轮次保存在状态中的内容。生命周期钩子和工具写入会永久修改此内容。
数据源
在此过程中,你的智能体会访问(读取/写入)不同的数据源:
数据源 也称为 范围 示例 运行时上下文 静态配置 会话范围 用户 ID、API 密钥、数据库连接、权限、环境设置 状态 短期记忆 会话范围 当前消息、上传的文件、认证状态、工具结果 存储 长期记忆 跨会话 用户偏好、提取的见解、记忆、历史数据
工作原理
LangChain 中间件 是幕后机制,使上下文工程对使用 LangChain 的开发人员变得实用。
中间件允许你挂钩到智能体生命周期的任何步骤并:
在本指南中,你将频繁看到中间件 API 的使用,作为实现上下文工程的手段。
模型上下文
控制每个模型调用的内容——指令、可用工具、使用的模型以及输出格式。这些决策直接影响可靠性和成本。
所有这些类型的模型上下文都可以从 状态 (短期记忆)、存储 (长期记忆)或 运行时上下文 (静态配置)中获取。
系统提示词
系统提示词设定 LLM 的行为和能力。不同的用户、上下文或对话阶段需要不同的指令。成功的智能体会利用记忆、偏好和配置来为当前对话状态提供正确的指令。
从状态中访问消息计数或对话上下文: import { createAgent } from "langchain" ;
const agent = createAgent ( {
model : "gpt-4.1" ,
tools : [ ... ] ,
middleware : [
dynamicSystemPromptMiddleware ( ( state ) => {
// Read from State: check conversation length
const messageCount = state . messages . length ;
let base = "You are a helpful assistant." ;
if (messageCount > 10 ) {
base += " \n This is a long conversation - be extra concise." ;
}
return base ;
} ) ,
] ,
} ) ;
从长期记忆中访问用户偏好: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createAgent , dynamicSystemPromptMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userId : z . string () ,
} ) ;
type Context = z . infer < typeof contextSchema > ;
const agent = createAgent ( {
model : "gpt-4.1" ,
tools : [ ... ] ,
contextSchema ,
middleware : [
dynamicSystemPromptMiddleware < Context > ( async ( state , runtime ) => {
const userId = runtime . context . userId ;
// Read from Store: get user preferences
const store = runtime . store ;
const userPrefs = await store . get ([ "preferences" ] , userId) ;
let base = "You are a helpful assistant." ;
if (userPrefs) {
const style = userPrefs . value ?. communicationStyle || "balanced" ;
base += ` \n User prefers ${ style } responses.` ;
}
return base ;
} ) ,
] ,
} ) ;
从运行时上下文中访问用户 ID 或配置: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createAgent , dynamicSystemPromptMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userRole : z . string () ,
deploymentEnv : z . string () ,
} ) ;
type Context = z . infer < typeof contextSchema > ;
const agent = createAgent ( {
model : "gpt-4.1" ,
tools : [ ... ] ,
contextSchema ,
middleware : [
dynamicSystemPromptMiddleware < Context > ( ( state , runtime ) => {
// Read from Runtime Context: user role and environment
const userRole = runtime . context . userRole ;
const env = runtime . context . deploymentEnv ;
let base = "You are a helpful assistant." ;
if (userRole === "admin" ) {
base += " \n You have admin access. You can perform all operations." ;
} else if (userRole === "viewer" ) {
base += " \n You have read-only access. Guide users to read operations only." ;
}
if (env === "production" ) {
base += " \n Be extra careful with any data modifications." ;
}
return base ;
} ) ,
] ,
} ) ;
消息构成了发送给 LLM 的提示词。
管理消息内容至关重要,以确保 LLM 拥有正确信息以做出良好响应。
在相关时将上传文件的上下文注入到状态中: import { createMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const injectFileContext = createMiddleware ( {
name : "InjectFileContext" ,
wrapModelCall : ( request , handler ) => {
// request.state is a shortcut for request.state.messages
const uploadedFiles = request . state . uploadedFiles || [] ; # [ ! code highlight]
if (uploadedFiles . length > 0 ) {
// Build context about available files
const fileDescriptions = uploadedFiles . map ( file =>
`- ${ file . name } ( ${ file . type } ): ${ file . summary } `
) ;
const fileContext = `Files you have access to in this conversation:
${ fileDescriptions . join ( " \n " ) }
Reference these files when answering questions.` ;
// Inject file context before recent messages
const messages = [ # [ ! code highlight]
... request . messages , # Rest of conversation
{ role : "user" , content : fileContext }
] ;
request = request . override ( { messages } ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
}
return handler (request) ;
},
} ) ;
const agent = createAgent ( {
model : "gpt-4.1" ,
tools : [ ... ] ,
middleware : [injectFileContext] ,
} ) ;
从存储中注入用户的电子邮件写作风格以指导起草: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userId : z . string () ,
} ) ;
const injectWritingStyle = createMiddleware ( {
name : "InjectWritingStyle" ,
contextSchema ,
wrapModelCall : async ( request , handler ) => {
const userId = request . runtime . context . userId ; # [ ! code highlight]
# Read from Store : get user 's writing style examples
const store = request . runtime . store ; # [ ! code highlight]
const writingStyle = await store . get ([ "writing_style" ] , userId) ; # [ ! code highlight]
if (writingStyle) {
const style = writingStyle . value ;
# Build style guide from stored examples
const styleContext = `Your writing style:
- Tone: ${ style . tone || 'professional' }
- Typical greeting: " ${ style . greeting || 'Hi' } "
- Typical sign-off: " ${ style . signOff || 'Best' } "
- Example email you've written:
${ style . exampleEmail || '' } ` ;
# Append at end - models pay more attention to final messages
const messages = [
... request . messages ,
{ role : "user" , content : styleContext }
] ;
request = request . override ( { messages } ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
}
return handler (request) ;
},
} ) ;
根据用户的司法管辖区从运行时上下文中注入合规规则: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userJurisdiction : z . string () ,
industry : z . string () ,
complianceFrameworks : z . array (z . string ()) ,
} ) ;
type Context = z . infer < typeof contextSchema > ;
const injectComplianceRules = createMiddleware < Context > ( {
name : "InjectComplianceRules" ,
contextSchema ,
wrapModelCall : ( request , handler ) => {
# Read from Runtime Context : get compliance requirements
const { userJurisdiction , industry , complianceFrameworks } = request . runtime . context ; # [ ! code highlight]
# Build compliance constraints
const rules = [] ;
if (complianceFrameworks . includes ( "GDPR" )) {
rules . push ( "- Must obtain explicit consent before processing personal data" ) ;
rules . push ( "- Users have right to data deletion" ) ;
}
if (complianceFrameworks . includes ( "HIPAA" )) {
rules . push ( "- Cannot share patient health information without authorization" ) ;
rules . push ( "- Must use secure, encrypted communication" ) ;
}
if (industry === "finance" ) {
rules . push ( "- Cannot provide financial advice without proper disclaimers" ) ;
}
if (rules . length > 0 ) {
const complianceContext = `Compliance requirements for ${ userJurisdiction } :
${ rules . join ( " \n " ) } ` ;
# Append at end - models pay more attention to final messages
const messages = [
... request . messages ,
{ role : "user" , content : complianceContext }
] ;
request = request . override ( { messages } ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
}
return handler (request) ;
},
} ) ;
临时与持久消息更新: 上面的示例使用 wrap_model_call 进行临时 更新——修改发送给模型的单条调用中的消息,而不更改保存在状态中的内容。 对于修改状态的持久 更新,你可以:
直接从 wrapModelCall 返回 [Command],以从模型调用层注入状态更新。
使用生命周期钩子如 beforeModel、afterModel 或 wrapToolCall(用于工具返回)来更新对话历史。有关更多详细信息,请参阅 中间件文档 。
有关更多信息,请参阅 状态更新 。
工具让模型能够与数据库、API 和外部系统交互。你如何定义和选择工具直接影响模型能否有效完成任务。
定义工具
每个工具都需要清晰的名字、描述、参数名称和参数描述。这些不仅仅是元数据——它们指导模型关于何时以及如何使用该工具的推理。
import { tool } from "@langchain/core/tools" ;
import { z } from "zod" ;
const searchOrders = tool (
async ({ userId , status , limit }) => {
// Implementation here
},
{
name : "search_orders" ,
description : `Search for user orders by status.
Use this when the user asks about order history or wants to check
order status. Always filter by the provided status.` ,
schema : z . object ( {
userId : z . string () . describe ( "Unique identifier for the user" ) ,
status : z . enum ([ "pending" , "shipped" , "delivered" ]) . describe ( "Order status to filter by" ) ,
limit : z . number () . default ( 10 ) . describe ( "Maximum number of results to return" ) ,
} ) ,
}
) ;
选择工具
并非所有工具都适用于每种情况。过多的工具可能会使模型不堪重负(上下文过载)并增加错误;过少的工具则限制能力。动态工具选择会根据认证状态、用户权限、功能标志或对话阶段调整可用工具集。
仅在达到特定对话里程碑后启用高级工具: import { createMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const stateBasedTools = createMiddleware ( {
name : "StateBasedTools" ,
wrapModelCall : ( request , handler ) => {
# Read from State : check authentication and conversation length
const state = request . state ; # [ ! code highlight]
const isAuthenticated = state . authenticated || false ; # [ ! code highlight]
const messageCount = state . messages . length ;
let filteredTools = request . tools ;
# Only enable sensitive tools after authentication
if ( ! isAuthenticated) {
filteredTools = request . tools . filter ( t => t . name . startsWith ( "public_" )) ; # [ ! code highlight]
} else if (messageCount < 5 ) {
filteredTools = request . tools . filter ( t => t . name !== "advanced_search" ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
}
return handler ( { ... request , tools : filteredTools } ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
},
} ) ;
根据存储中的用户偏好或功能标志过滤工具: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userId : z . string () ,
} ) ;
const storeBasedTools = createMiddleware ( {
name : "StoreBasedTools" ,
contextSchema ,
wrapModelCall : async ( request , handler ) => {
const userId = request . runtime . context . userId ; # [ ! code highlight]
# Read from Store : get user 's enabled features
const store = request . runtime . store ; # [ ! code highlight]
const featureFlags = await store . get ([ "features" ] , userId) ; # [ ! code highlight]
let filteredTools = request . tools ;
if (featureFlags) {
const enabledFeatures = featureFlags . value ?. enabledTools || [] ;
filteredTools = request . tools . filter ( t => enabledFeatures . includes (t . name)) ; # [ ! code highlight]
}
return handler ( { ... request , tools : filteredTools } ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
},
} ) ;
根据运行时上下文中的用户权限过滤工具: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userRole : z . string () ,
} ) ;
const contextBasedTools = createMiddleware ( {
name : "ContextBasedTools" ,
contextSchema ,
wrapModelCall : ( request , handler ) => {
# Read from Runtime Context : get user role
const userRole = request . runtime . context . userRole ; # [ ! code highlight]
let filteredTools = request . tools ;
if (userRole === "admin" ) {
# Admins get all tools
} else if (userRole === "editor" ) {
filteredTools = request . tools . filter ( t => t . name !== "delete_data" ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
} else {
filteredTools = request . tools . filter ( t => t . name . startsWith ( "read_" )) ; # [ ! code highlight]
}
return handler ( { ... request , tools : filteredTools } ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
},
} ) ;
有关过滤预注册工具和运行时注册工具(例如来自 MCP 服务器)的更多信息,请参阅 动态工具 。
不同的模型具有不同的优势、成本和上下文窗口。为手头的任务选择合适的模型,这可能在智能体运行期间发生变化。
根据状态中的对话长度使用不同的模型: import { createMiddleware , initChatModel } from "langchain" ;
# Initialize models once outside the middleware
const largeModel = initChatModel ( "claude-sonnet-4-6" ) ;
const standardModel = initChatModel ( "gpt-4.1" ) ;
const efficientModel = initChatModel ( "gpt-4.1-mini" ) ;
const stateBasedModel = createMiddleware ( {
name : "StateBasedModel" ,
wrapModelCall : ( request , handler ) => {
# request . messages is a shortcut for request . state . messages
const messageCount = request . messages . length ; # [ ! code highlight]
let model ;
if (messageCount > 20 ) {
model = largeModel ;
} else if (messageCount > 10 ) {
model = standardModel ;
} else {
model = efficientModel ;
}
return handler ( { ... request , model } ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
},
} ) ;
使用存储中的用户首选模型: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createMiddleware , initChatModel } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userId : z . string () ,
} ) ;
# Initialize available models once
const MODEL_MAP = {
"gpt-4.1" : initChatModel ( "gpt-4.1" ) ,
"gpt-4.1-mini" : initChatModel ( "gpt-4.1-mini" ) ,
"claude-sonnet" : initChatModel ( "claude-sonnet-4-6" ) ,
};
const storeBasedModel = createMiddleware ( {
name : "StoreBasedModel" ,
contextSchema ,
wrapModelCall : async ( request , handler ) => {
const userId = request . runtime . context . userId ; # [ ! code highlight]
# Read from Store : get user 's preferred model
const store = request . runtime . store ; # [ ! code highlight]
const userPrefs = await store . get ([ "preferences" ] , userId) ; # [ ! code highlight]
let model = request . model ;
if (userPrefs) {
const preferredModel = userPrefs . value ?. preferredModel ;
if (preferredModel && MODEL_MAP[preferredModel]) {
model = MODEL_MAP[preferredModel] ; # [ ! code highlight]
}
}
return handler ( { ... request , model } ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
},
} ) ;
根据运行时上下文中的成本限制或环境选择模型: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createMiddleware , initChatModel } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
costTier : z . string () ,
environment : z . string () ,
} ) ;
# Initialize models once outside the middleware
const premiumModel = initChatModel ( "claude-sonnet-4-6" ) ;
const standardModel = initChatModel ( "gpt-4.1" ) ;
const budgetModel = initChatModel ( "gpt-4.1-mini" ) ;
const contextBasedModel = createMiddleware ( {
name : "ContextBasedModel" ,
contextSchema ,
wrapModelCall : ( request , handler ) => {
# Read from Runtime Context : cost tier and environment
const costTier = request . runtime . context . costTier ; # [ ! code highlight]
const environment = request . runtime . context . environment ; # [ ! code highlight]
let model ;
if (environment === "production" && costTier === "premium" ) {
model = premiumModel ;
} else if (costTier === "budget" ) {
model = budgetModel ;
} else {
model = standardModel ;
}
return handler ( { ... request , model } ) ; # [ ! code highlight]
},
} ) ;
有关更多示例,请参阅 动态模型 。
响应格式
结构化输出将非结构化文本转换为经过验证的结构化数据。当提取特定字段或为下游系统返回数据时,自由文本是不够的。
工作原理: 当你提供模式作为响应格式时,模型的最终响应保证符合该模式。智能体运行模型/工具调用循环,直到模型完成工具调用,然后将最终响应强制转换为提供的格式。
定义格式
模式定义指导模型。字段名、类型和描述指定输出应遵循的确切格式。
import { z } from "zod" ;
const customerSupportTicket = z . object ( {
category : z . enum ([ "billing" , "technical" , "account" , "product" ]) . describe (
"Issue category"
) ,
priority : z . enum ([ "low" , "medium" , "high" , "critical" ]) . describe (
"Urgency level"
) ,
summary : z . string () . describe (
"One-sentence summary of the customer's issue"
) ,
customerSentiment : z . enum ([ "frustrated" , "neutral" , "satisfied" ]) . describe (
"Customer's emotional tone"
) ,
} ) . describe ( "Structured ticket information extracted from customer message" ) ;
选择格式
动态响应格式选择根据用户偏好、对话阶段或角色调整模式——早期返回简单格式,随着复杂性增加返回详细格式。
根据对话状态配置结构化输出: import { createMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
import { z } from "zod" ;
const simpleResponse = z . object ( {
answer : z . string () . describe ( "A brief answer" ) ,
} ) ;
const detailedResponse = z . object ( {
answer : z . string () . describe ( "A detailed answer" ) ,
reasoning : z . string () . describe ( "Explanation of reasoning" ) ,
confidence : z . number () . describe ( "Confidence score 0-1" ) ,
} ) ;
const stateBasedOutput = createMiddleware ( {
name : "StateBasedOutput" ,
wrapModelCall : ( request , handler ) => {
# request . state is a shortcut for request . state . messages
const messageCount = request . messages . length ; # [ ! code highlight]
let responseFormat ;
if (messageCount < 3 ) {
# Early conversation - use simple format
responseFormat = simpleResponse ; # [ ! code highlight]
} else {
# Established conversation - use detailed format
responseFormat = detailedResponse ; # [ ! code highlight]
}
return handler ( { ... request , responseFormat } ) ;
},
} ) ;
根据存储中的用户偏好配置输出格式: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userId : z . string () ,
} ) ;
const verboseResponse = z . object ( {
answer : z . string () . describe ( "Detailed answer" ) ,
sources : z . array (z . string ()) . describe ( "Sources used" ) ,
} ) ;
const conciseResponse = z . object ( {
answer : z . string () . describe ( "Brief answer" ) ,
} ) ;
const storeBasedOutput = createMiddleware ( {
name : "StoreBasedOutput" ,
wrapModelCall : async ( request , handler ) => {
const userId = request . runtime . context . userId ; # [ ! code highlight]
# Read from Store : get user 's preferred response style
const store = request . runtime . store ; # [ ! code highlight]
const userPrefs = await store . get ([ "preferences" ] , userId) ; # [ ! code highlight]
if (userPrefs) {
const style = userPrefs . value ?. responseStyle || "concise" ;
if (style === "verbose" ) {
request . responseFormat = verboseResponse ; # [ ! code highlight]
} else {
request . responseFormat = conciseResponse ; # [ ! code highlight]
}
}
return handler (request) ;
},
} ) ;
根据运行时上下文(如用户角色或环境)配置输出格式: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userRole : z . string () ,
environment : z . string () ,
} ) ;
const adminResponse = z . object ( {
answer : z . string () . describe ( "Answer" ) ,
debugInfo : z . record (z . any ()) . describe ( "Debug information" ) ,
systemStatus : z . string () . describe ( "System status" ) ,
} ) ;
const userResponse = z . object ( {
answer : z . string () . describe ( "Answer" ) ,
} ) ;
const contextBasedOutput = createMiddleware ( {
name : "ContextBasedOutput" ,
wrapModelCall : ( request , handler ) => {
# Read from Runtime Context : user role and environment
const userRole = request . runtime . context . userRole ; # [ ! code highlight]
const environment = request . runtime . context . environment ; # [ ! code highlight]
let responseFormat ;
if (userRole === "admin" && environment === "production" ) {
responseFormat = adminResponse ; # [ ! code highlight]
} else {
responseFormat = userResponse ; # [ ! code highlight]
}
return handler ( { ... request , responseFormat } ) ;
},
} ) ;
工具上下文
工具的特殊之处在于它们既读取又写入上下文。
在最基本的情况下,当工具执行时,它接收 LLM 的请求参数并返回工具消息。工具执行其工作并产生结果。
工具还可以为模型获取重要信息,使其能够执行和完成任务。
大多数现实世界的工具不仅需要 LLM 的参数。它们需要用户 ID 进行数据库查询、外部服务的 API 密钥或当前会话状态以做出决策。工具从状态、存储和运行时上下文中读取以访问这些信息。
从状态中读取以检查当前会话信息: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createAgent , tool , type ToolRuntime } from "langchain" ;
const checkAuthentication = tool (
async ( _ , runtime : ToolRuntime ) => {
# Read from State : check current auth status
const currentState = runtime . state ;
const isAuthenticated = currentState . authenticated || false ;
if (isAuthenticated) {
return "User is authenticated" ;
} else {
return "User is not authenticated" ;
}
},
{
name : "check_authentication" ,
description : "Check if user is authenticated" ,
schema : z . object ( {} ) ,
}
) ;
从存储中读取以访问持久化用户偏好: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createAgent , tool , type ToolRuntime } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userId : z . string () ,
} ) ;
const getPreference = tool (
async ({ preferenceKey }, runtime : ToolRuntime ) => {
const userId = runtime . context . userId ;
# Read from Store : get existing preferences
const store = runtime . store ;
const existingPrefs = await store . get ([ "preferences" ] , userId) ;
if (existingPrefs) {
const value = existingPrefs . value ?. [preferenceKey] ;
return value ? ` ${ preferenceKey } : ${ value } ` : `No preference set for ${ preferenceKey } ` ;
} else {
return "No preferences found" ;
}
},
{
name : "get_preference" ,
description : "Get user preference from Store" ,
schema : z . object ( {
preferenceKey : z . string () ,
} ) ,
}
) ;
从运行时上下文中读取配置,如 API 密钥和用户 ID: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { tool } from "@langchain/core/tools" ;
import { createAgent } from "langchain" ;
const contextSchema = z . object ( {
userId : z . string () ,
apiKey : z . string () ,
dbConnection : z . string () ,
} ) ;
const fetchUserData = tool (
async ({ query }, runtime : ToolRuntime < any , typeof contextSchema > ) => {
# Read from Runtime Context : get API key and DB connection
const { userId , apiKey , dbConnection } = runtime . context ;
# Use configuration to fetch data
const results = await performDatabaseQuery (dbConnection , query , apiKey) ;
return `Found ${ results . length } results for user ${ userId } ` ;
},
{
name : "fetch_user_data" ,
description : "Fetch data using Runtime Context configuration" ,
schema : z . object ( {
query : z . string () ,
} ) ,
}
) ;
const agent = createAgent ( {
model : "gpt-4.1" ,
tools : [fetchUserData] ,
contextSchema ,
} ) ;
工具结果可用于帮助智能体完成给定任务。工具既可以直接向模型返回结果,也可以更新智能体的内存,以便将来步骤可以使用重要上下文。
使用 Command 写入状态以跟踪会话特定信息: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { tool } from "@langchain/core/tools" ;
import { createAgent } from "langchain" ;
import { Command } from "@langchain/langgraph" ;
const authenticateUser = tool (
async ({ password }) => {
# Perform authentication
if (password === "correct" ) {
# Write to State : mark as authenticated using Command
return new Command ( {
update : { authenticated : true },
} ) ;
} else {
return new Command ( { update : { authenticated : false } } ) ;
}
},
{
name : "authenticate_user" ,
description : "Authenticate user and update State" ,
schema : z . object ( {
password : z . string () ,
} ) ,
}
) ;
写入存储以跨会话持久化数据: import * as z from "zod" ;
import { createAgent , tool , type ToolRuntime } from "langchain" ;
const savePreference = tool (
async ({ preferenceKey , preferenceValue }, runtime : ToolRuntime < any , typeof contextSchema > ) => {
const userId = runtime . context . userId ;
# Read existing preferences
const store = runtime . store ;
const existingPrefs = await store . get ([ "preferences" ] , userId) ;
# Merge with new preference
const prefs = existingPrefs ?. value || {};
prefs[preferenceKey] = preferenceValue ;
# Write to Store : save updated preferences
await store . put ([ "preferences" ] , userId , prefs) ;
return `Saved preference: ${ preferenceKey } = ${ preferenceValue } ` ;
},
{
name : "save_preference" ,
description : "Save user preference to Store" ,
schema : z . object ( {
preferenceKey : z . string () ,
preferenceValue : z . string () ,
} ) ,
}
) ;
有关在工具中访问状态、存储和运行时上下文的全面示例,请参阅 工具 。
生命周期上下文
控制核心智能体步骤之间 发生的情况——拦截数据流以实现跨领域关注点,如摘要、护栏和日志记录。
正如你在 模型上下文 和 工具上下文 中所见,中间件 是使上下文工程实用的机制。中间件允许你挂钩到智能体生命周期的任何步骤并:
更新上下文 - 修改状态和存储以持久化更改,更新对话历史,或保存见解
跳转生命周期 - 根据上下文移动到智能体循环中的不同步骤(例如,如果满足条件则跳过工具执行,用修改后的上下文重复模型调用)
示例:摘要
最常见的生命周期模式之一是当对话历史过长时自动压缩它。与 模型上下文 中显示的临时消息修剪不同,摘要持久更新状态 ——永久替换旧消息为摘要,该摘要保存供所有未来轮次使用。
LangChain 为此提供了内置中间件:
import { createAgent , summarizationMiddleware } from "langchain" ;
const agent = createAgent ( {
model : "gpt-4.1" ,
tools : [ ... ] ,
middleware : [
summarizationMiddleware ( {
model : "gpt-4.1-mini" ,
trigger : { tokens : 4000 },
keep : { messages : 20 },
} ) ,
] ,
} ) ;
当对话超过令牌限制时,SummarizationMiddleware 会自动:
使用单独的 LLM 调用总结旧消息
在状态中用摘要消息替换它们(永久)
保留最近的完整消息以供上下文使用
摘要的对话历史被永久更新——未来的轮次将看到摘要而不是原始消息。
有关内置中间件的完整列表、可用钩子以及如何创建自定义中间件,请参阅 中间件文档 。
最佳实践
从简单开始 - 从静态提示词和工具开始,仅在需要时添加动态功能
增量测试 - 一次添加一个上下文工程功能
监控性能 - 跟踪模型调用、令牌使用和延迟
使用内置中间件 - 利用 SummarizationMiddleware 、LLMToolSelectorMiddleware 等
记录你的上下文策略 - 明确说明传递了什么上下文以及为什么
理解临时与持久 :模型上下文更改是临时的(每次调用),而生命周期上下文更改持久保存到状态
相关资源